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关键词： 和谐社会   统计学   中国   基尼系数   财富分配  

摘要： 一、和谐社会提出的背景"构建社会主义和谐社会"的概念,是在中国共产党十六届四中全会作出的<中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定>中,首次完整提出的.这一思想,在此前的十六大报告论述全面建设小康社会时已有体现,其中有两处比较明显:一是报告提出的到2020年我国将要实现的小康社会比2000年有六个"更加",而第五个"更加"就是"社会更加和谐";二是报告第二部分论述"三个代表"重要思想时提出,随着改革的深入,我们要努力建立起"各尽所能,各得其所,和谐相处"的社会关系.

关键词： 母乳喂养   人口统计学   持续时间   妇女分娩   医疗记录   队列研究   门诊登记   混杂因素   产前健康教育   特异性  

摘要： Aim: This study examines socio-demographic determinants of initiation and duration of breastfeeding in a communitybased cohort in northwest Russia. Methods: All infants born to women who were registered at the antenatal clinics in Severodvinsk in 1999 comprised the cohort (n = 1399) and were followed up at 1 y. Data on maternal and infant characteristics as well as the duration of breastfeeding were obtained from medical records. Proportional hazard analysis was applied to quantify the effect of the selected factors on the risk of breastfeeding discontinuation adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Only 1.3% of infants were never breastfed. Breastfeeding rates were 75.0% and 47.2% at 3 and 6 mo, respectively. Maternal age and early initiation of prenatal care were positively associatedwith breastfeeding initiation rates. Increased risks of breastfeeding discontinuation were found in teenage mothers (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.06-1.99), in mothers with basic education (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.06-2.66) and in unmarried mothers (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.38). Women with no previous deliveries were more likely to breastfeed longer (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.90). Conclusions: Compared with previous studies in Russia, almost universal initiation and considerably higher rates of breastfeeding at specific time points were found. Social variations in initiation and duration of breastfeeding should raise concern of inequalities in breastfeeding practices in transitional Russia.

关键词： 妊娠结局   统计学资料   产前抑郁   新生儿结局   围生期   分娩情况   产后抑郁   分娩并发症   郁症   医疗记录  

摘要： OBJECTIVE: To study whether women with antepartum depression have an increased risk for adverse perinatal outcome. METHODS: From a sample of 1,489 women, an index group (n = 259) of all women with depressive symptoms on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in gestational week 35-36 was selected. Two hundred fifty-nine women with no depressive symptoms on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale antepartum or postpartum were randomly chosen as the reference group. Medical, gynecologic, and obstetric history, sodoeconomic status, pregnancy, and perinatal data were collected from standardized medical records for all women. RESULTS: Women with antepartum depressive symptoms were more often multiparas with a history of earlier obstetric complications. Complications during the present pregnancy were more frequent in the antepartum-depressed group of women. There were no differences concerning outcome of delivery, puerperium, and neonatal health between the index and reference groups. Forty-six percent of the women with antepartum depressive symptoms had depressive symptoms at 6-8 weeks or 6 months postpartum or both. CONCLUSION: Women depressed during pregnancy constitute a group without an increased risk for adverse obstetric or neonatal outcome but with a high risk for postpartum depressive symptoms.

关键词： 急性心肌梗死   人口统计学   人口学变量   社会人口学   社区团体   医疗状况   纵向调查   医疗情况   职业特征  

摘要： In a community cohort of 833 women and men aged >60 years, employed at the tim e of a first acute myocardial infarction(AMI), the relation of sociodemographic, vocational, and medical variables to the following three aspects of employment was investigated longitudinally: resumption of employment anytime within 5 years after AMI, resumption of employment within 3 months of the AMI, and maintenance of employment 5 years after AMI. Different sets of characteristics of persons w ith a first AMI were related to the different criteria of employment. Only socio demographic and vocational variables were related to early resumption of employm ent, whereas maintenance of employment 5 years after AMI was influenced by both medical and nonmedical variables. These results support the importance of examin ing different aspects of resumption and maintenance of employment after AMI. The y also suggest that early resumption of employment after AMI and employment anyt ime 5 years after AMI are more a function of the sociodemographic and vocational characteristics of the person with the AMI than of that person’s medical condi tion, whereas long-term maintenance of employment after an AMI is also related to the person’s medical condition.

关键词： 《社会经济统计学原理》   计算题   经济管理类专业   解题   专业基础课   自学考试   试卷   课程   成绩  

摘要： 《社会经济统计学原理》是自学考试经济管理类专业一门专业基础课，牵涉很多计算，每年的试卷都有大量的计算题，约占35～40％左右的量。因此，计算题是该门课程客观上的重点，必须引起充分的主意，加强这方面的训练，以期熟能生巧，在考试中取得好成绩。

关键词： 教练员   乙级队   职业教练员   运动员   社会统计学   成功原因   问卷调查   受教育程度   德国足球   工作成绩  

摘要： 本文对德国足球甲级队和乙级队职业教练员进行问卷调查。调查涉及到教练员的社会统计学特征,如年龄、经历、受教育程度等,还包括个人对工作成绩的评定以及对成功原因的评估。为了解教练员对工作结果的原因解释,我们要求教练员说明,影响他们成绩的因素以及影响力有多大。

关键词： 统计学   课程   教学法   教学效果  

摘要： 社会统计学课程是一门难教难学的课程。要有效地提高这门课程的教学效果，应注意向学生讲清学习统计学的意义，引导学生端正学习态度；帮助学生克服畏难情绪，使其轻装上阵；教师应当改进教学方法，提高教学效果；采用先进的教学手段，激发学生的学习积极性。

ISBN: (纸本)7504550574

ISBN: (纸本)7301001061

ISBN: (纸本)7560045588